Kitab Al Ijma5/11/2021
It was used to refer to hadiths that provide insights into specific junctures in Muhammads life.Among them are hadith, sunnah, shariah, tafsr and kalam.
Impressive in their sophistication and originality, these genres range from the disciplines of law, theology, exegesis, biography and the linguistic sciences. ![]() ![]() Some accounts are pithy and concise, while others include lengthy statements, covering a range of topics: his rulings and judgements, testimonies, words of exhortation, personal qualities and accounts of key historical events in his lifetime. An example of its use is that while the Quran prescribes the pilgrimage ( hajj ) to Mecca, the hadiths supply an intricately exhaustive range of detail pertaining to its performance. In this respect, Islam seemingly shares an epistemological distinction with Judaism, which differentiated between the written Torah and the Oral Torah. With the aim of safeguarding the Prophets legacy, this opposition was eventually surmounted, and the codification of traditions generated a voluminous corpus of literary materials. Moreover, for centuries much of the literary scholarship cultivated in Islam was based on the painstaking study of this textual source. Once synthesised and fleshed out, the Sunnah served as a normative paradigm and a source of law. The notion of Sunnah is by no means novel to Islam; it has its roots in the pre-Islamic tribal tradition, accentuating an exemplary way of acting and conducting oneself. Isnads were introduced to verify the authenticity of the accounts, and scholars eventually developed a system of grading traditions, marking them as sahih (sound), hasan (good) or daif (weak). With the aim of systematising approaches to these sources, scholars devised a science devoted exclusively to the process of authentication. There even existed texts in which summaries of the rules and axioms of this science were elegantly composed into poems. Over the course of Islamic history, in the same way that scholars dutifully memorised the text of the Quran, they committed to memory hundreds of thousands of hadiths and their isnads, routinely traversing different regions of the Islamic world seeking knowledge of the hadiths and their transmitters. Activity in this sphere also nurtured the development of Arabic biography. During the course of the 2nd and 3rd Islamic centuries (9th and 10th centuries CE), the genre of biographies flourished, with lengthy volumes being compiled that scrupulously recounted the names and personal details of individuals cited in the isnads. The study of genealogy and the history of tribes were already highly venerated in pre-Islamic Arabia. ![]() Dividing his work into ninety-seven thematically arranged chapters, he is reported to have rigorously sifted through hundreds of thousands of hadiths before selecting just over 7,000 reports for his collection. The extensive range of subjects he included covers topics such as prayer, fasting, almsgiving, pilgrimage and other key matters of ritual, to areas such as piety, etiquette, the interpretation of dreams, medicine and subjects pertaining to personal law. Extended commentaries were written on each of these texts; indeed, in the case of al-Bukharis collection, many were composed, although none surpassed in excellence the work of the Egyptian scholar Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (d. Fath al-Bari, which comprised over twenty volumes. The critical role reserved for the corpus of traditions in Islamic thought is widely accepted in modern academic studies, although the question of their origins and authenticity has been disputed. Within Shia Islam the choice of leader ( imam ) is believed to be conferred by divine will on the immediate family of the Prophet. Reflecting this distinction, Shia collections of traditions contained not only the statements and deeds of the Prophet, but also views about the designated imams, who were considered to be infallible.
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